There are currently 3 major desktop GIS software applications (ArcMap, ArcGIS Pro, and QGIS) that are widely used in academia, private industry, and the public sector. They are referred to as "desktop" GIS software applications because they are designed for individual users on desktop/laptop computers as opposed to server GIS software applications which function quite differently.
While ArcMap has for many years been the most widely utilized GIS application in the United States, it is losing ground to newer GIS software options. ArcMap is a proprietary application that is part of the ArcGIS Desktop suit of software products developed by Esri that was first released in 2000. In 2015 Esri released a new application, ArcGIS Pro, which is envisioned as the future of the ArcGIS software suite and is the company's flagship desktop GIS software product.
Compared to ArcMap, ArcGIS Pro has expanded functionality in a number of areas and is tightly integrated with Esri's cloud GIS platform, ArcGIS Online. As a result of its exclusive capabilities, ArcGIS Pro is becoming increasingly popular as users migrate from ArcMap. Esri has promised to support ArcMap until March 1, 2026, but there will be no new releases of the software beyond the current version, ArcMap 10.8.1, and it is recommended that new GIS users who are interested in learning to work with ArcGIS software start with ArcGIS Pro instead of learning the older ArcMap interface and workflows.
The third major GIS software application currently in widespread use is QGIS which, unlike Esri's ArcGIS software options, is free and open source. QGIS has become an increasingly popular alternative to proprietary Esri software products due to its ease of adoption and compatibility with the MacOS operating system, which ArcGIS software lacks. In the United States, it is still not as commonly used by industry professionals as ArcGIS software, but is now widely utilized in Europe and in many other regions of the world.
This guide, "Geographic Information Science" is a derivative of "GIS & Geospatial Data Services" from UT Libraries used under CC BY NC. This guide, "Geographic Information Sciences" is licensed under CC BY NC.
